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Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician and member of Parliament who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015. He was the first prime minister to come from the Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance. Harper has been the Member of Parliament for the riding of Calgary Heritage in Alberta since 2002 (previously known as Calgary Southwest from 2002 to 2015). Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the MP for Calgary West, representing the Reform Party of Canada. He was one of the founding members of the Reform Party, but did not seek re-election in the 1997 federal election. Harper instead joined and later led the National Citizens Coalition, a conservative lobbyist group.〔(National Citizens Coalition (NCC) – Harper's presidency was a critical period ). The Harper Index, May 11, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2011〕 In 2002, he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance (the successor to the Reform Party) and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition. In 2003, he reached an agreement with Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected as the party's first leader in March 2004. In the October, 2008, federal election, the Conservative Party won a stronger minority, showing a small increase in the percentage of the popular vote and increased representation in the Canadian House of Commons, with 143 of 308 seats. The 40th Canadian Parliament was dissolved in March, 2011, after a no-confidence vote that deemed the Cabinet to be in contempt of parliament. In the federal election that followed, the Conservatives won a majority government, the first since the 2000 federal election; the party won 166 seats, an increase of 23 seats from the October 2008 election.〔Ray Argyle, ''Turning Points: The Campaigns That Changed Canada – 2011 and Before'' (2011) (excerpt and text search ) ch 1〕 Though Harper won his seat of Calgary-Heritage in the October 19, 2015, federal election, the Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, led by Justin Trudeau, who was sworn-in as Harper's successor on November 4, 2015.〔http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-does-justin-trudeau-become-prime-minister/ 〕〔http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/10/22/how-justin-trudeau-will-officially-become-prime-minister.html 〕 Harper resigned as party leader on October 19, 2015, and the Conservative Party caucus chose an interim leader, Rona Ambrose, on November 5, 2015,〔http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-to-elect-interim-leader-on-nov-5-1.3289332 〕 to serve until a leadership election. Harper moved back to Calgary, Alberta, from 24 Sussex Drive, and will commute to Ottawa to fill his role as an opposition backbench Member of Parliament.〔http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-moving-back-to-calgary-after-election-defeat/article27005393/ 〕 ==Early life and education== Harper was born and raised in Leaside,〔http://www.thestar.com/news/federal-election/2015/10/19/what-its-like-living-in-stephen-harpers-old-house.html〕 Toronto, the first of three sons of Margaret (née Johnston) and Joseph Harris Harper, an accountant at Imperial Oil.〔William Johnson, ''Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada'', p. 7〕 The Harper family traces its ancestry back to Yorkshire, England, with Christopher Harper emigrating from Yorkshire to Nova Scotia in 1784, where he later served as justice of the peace in the area that is now New Brunswick.〔Al Smith, "(Prime Minister Harper's Tantramar Roots )", in ''The White Fence: Newsletter of the Tantramar Heritage Trust'', Issue # 45, April 2010. Accessed September 26, 2015〕 Harper attended Northlea Public School and, later, John G. Althouse Middle School and Richview Collegiate Institute, both in Central Etobicoke. He graduated in 1978, and was a member of Richview Collegiate's team on ''Reach for the Top'', a television quiz show for Canadian high school students.〔O'Connor, Naoibh, , ''The Vancouver Courier'', August 5, 2004. Retrieved October 9, 2006.〕 Harper enrolled at the University of Toronto but dropped out after two months.〔William Johnson, ''Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada'', p. 12〕 He then moved to Edmonton, Alberta, where he found work in the mail room at Imperial Oil.〔 Later, he advanced to work on the company's computer systems. He took up post-secondary studies again at the University of Calgary, where he completed a bachelor's degree in economics in 1985. He later returned there to earn a master's degree in economics, completed in 1991.〔Harrison, Trevor W., (2012) "Stephen Harper." ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' Historica Canada last ed. 2015-06-11.〕 Harper has kept strong links to the University of Calgary, where he often lectured. Harper is the first prime minister since Joe Clark without a law degree. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stephen Harper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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